The Opium Wars

The Opium Wars had started when British kept trading China opium with China's green tea, silk, etc. Opium is a type of drug that you can smoke now. China used opium to treat diseases like dysentery, diharrea, etc. But when 10% of China started smoking it alot, many people died. Due to the loss of people, China made a campaign of anti-opium that they will ban and destroy all the sources they have. They even thought of expelling British from the land. When the Emperor, Daoguang, told the imperial commissioner, Lin Tse-Hsua, to stop the British to stop selling opium to them anymore, they didn't listen and continued to sell for profits.

When the British got mad at China, they wanted to put an end to the anti-opium campaign because China didn't want opium no more, but Lin refused, so they started to got to the first drug war, the Opium Wars. Since China wasn't prepare for battle, Britain came in attacking them with their powerful technology. China was behind of time and were not modernized that much. Great Britain won the Opium Wars against China due to technology like cannons and guns for example.

China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing, which made China open up many ports for ships to come in now for Great Britain. China was also forced to legalized sell opium now. This was a humiliating defeat for China. people now continue to smoke opium now and it's still killing them. Today, China are now modernize and are perpared to do anything now. History should not be repeated. Thats when the second Opium Wars comes in....

Film lesson: Mountains of the Moon

During the movie, the explorers who were looking for the source of the Nile River, they lost alot of things as they move along, day by day. They have encountered alot of struggles during their expedition. They had low food supply, they had sickness, they got lost, many of their supplies were stolen by tribes, etc. In the end, Richard Burton and John Speke were arguing that one said that they did not found the sourceof the Nile River and one said that he found the source.

As they were in the court discussing the situation, which was if they should name the lake, Lake Victoria, John commited suicide on himself. When Richard heard of the accident, he did not continue his speech and left without another word. John named the lake after their majesty, the queen, Queen Victoria. When the Europeans went to take control of Africa, they succeeded because they had technology and the Africans didn't.

The reason why they won, is because they had machine guns to attack and they had Quinine, a cure for Malaria, a disease whch can only be caught in Africa. While the Africans had spears and made shields, they didn't stand a chance againts the Europeans. This is a movie that shows what has happened in the past. This movie was based on a true story.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

The way that Comomdore Matthew Perry "Bullied" the Japanese into signing a trade treaty, is when they came into the coast of Edo(Japan), showing them ships that had no sails. The Japanese were surprised by their technology. They started intimidating them. As the Japanese looked at their warships, they realized that their ships won't have a chance, so they had no options but to give them their wishes.

On March 31, 1854, A treaty was signed which opened two ports for the Americans to come in for trades.During the Meiji Era, the country of Japan realized that their country is very weak because they don't have the technology that other countries have. The decided to collect and look at some technology from other countries and try to increase their miltary strength. I would say that they are trying to catch up to others so nobody would think that they are easy to invade.

After Japans Emperor died, they had good transportation and communication put in , good and free education, etc. Thanks to the Emperor, Japan is up to date. Japan knows how other countries work, their culture, etc. The have the technology they needed to catch up, etc. Japan won't be struggling anymore.

Karl Marx and Communism

the idea that Karl Marx he was thinking of communist was that everyone were equal. He wants the workers to work and take a break at the same time, that they have equal money, that the have equal rights and that they be treated fair and equally, etc. Karl Marx wanted Communism to take over the world because his communist wanted to treat workers fairly but he didn't like landowners to treat them nothing, to not be fair, etc. For other countries, they didn't want to do the same thing that Marx was doing.

The "Good Guys" that Karl Marx thinks is the factory workers he sees in factories that are in nervous breakdown and other problems. The "Bad Guys" that Marx thinks are the landowners that run the factories and getting rich on their own, not caring or helping the workers that work for them. This is why he made communism for the workers.

Communism is something that people are treated fair and that the have common things that they want. People wants to be treated firly when they work. But there are some places that people dont want to be in or want to work in the area in the owners is not gonna be good or fair to them. In todays world, there is still communism around the world, waiting to live in a good life with fairness.

Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution

When Karl Marx looked at the factories at where people were working, he realized that most of them were tired and were getting sick. Those who were sick were not treated or told to rest for anything. Marx didn't like how the Industrial Revolution was going because many people were tired, many were not in good health, they received no payment, some were having a nervous breakdown, etc.

Marx had to do something to help the workers, so he created communism. He talked to all of the workers that they should control factories and farms instead of landlords. Like the " Enlightment", people had the power to choose whatn they want to have in the economy. Karl Marx told "the workers of the world to unite" to a worldwide revolution. The workers were inspired to join him on in the Revolution.

The way that Karl Marx was inspired to do the Revolution was that the way how he saw the workers were treated. There were kids that were 18 yrs. or under working, women, men, etc. They had no breaks and they had no vacations or days off to take. They never earned any money to use to buy food or clothes to wear and eat. After Marx saw enough, he had to step up and do something.

Nationalism and the Creation of Italy

Nationalism is the belief that ones greatest loyalty should not be loyal to a king or empire, but to a nation of people who shares a common culture and history. Italy was created because nationalism was destroying other empires and at the same time, nationalism was creating new countries. Italy was being reborn. When Italy was being created by nationalism, Italy used to be a poor country that the kingdom of sardinia was controlling italy.

There was a small army called the "Red Shirts" that took control of the cities like Venice. A man named Guiseppe Garibaldi was leading them with the help of Camillo di Cavour to add them to italy which waqs taking over by the Sardinia people. The only bad news was that there was alot of unsolved problems that Italy was facing during the war they were having.

With Rome in the kingdom of italy, the country was complete but then Italy started having economic problems that the government could not deal with anymore. As a result, Italy entered the 20th century as a poor country. Too many riots happen and the were very disorganized.

Simon Bolivar

Simon Bolivar was one of the greatest person who ever lived to help South America. He has had alot of victories over the spaniards to gain independence for Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, etc. He was also called El Libeerator. As he grew up, He married a woman named Maria Teresa who then later died of yellow fever. He vowed to never marry again. Later on, he made a famous vow on top of Mount Aventin of Rome that he will not rest until his country and South America was free and in independence. He wanted to become a great liberator. In 1810, he made his first independence in Venezuela with a help of a man called Francisco de Miranda to revolt against the spanish. Boilvar and Francisco occupied Caracas

Bolivar had days when he was forced to retreat to some other countries because of the Spaniards and sometimes he occupied alot of countries like Grand Colombia, Ecuador, etc. During his journey, he has made alot of friends who he helped them get their independence. The last stronghold that Bolivar had to capture with his helper, sucre, was in Peru, as well as the new country of Bolivia. The people named a country at his name in South America because Bolivar had won all of the independence for all of the country's in South America, so they decided to add a new country at his name.

After taking down the Spaniards, bolivar was not successful at being a role of government. Later on Bloivar was going to great britain to be in exile but then he died during the a battle he encounter when he set sailed. Now today, he is still remembered for his bravery and for his achievment for what he did for South America.

Robespierre and The Reign of Terror

The reign of terror was a terrible time that Max Robespierre created after he became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety. He decided to see who was the enemy to the republic and afterwards, he acted like a dictaor. He started the whole thing by getting power, little by little, while other leaders struggled for it during the battle with the First Coalition, An alliance that Prussia and Austria made with Great Britain, Holland and Spain.

The Reign of Terror was something that people were afraid to be in. If anyone who challenged Max Robespierre's leadership, they would get their heads chopped of, same thing if someone does a crime that Max thinks it is. The execution would be sentenced to the gallows to get their heads chopped of. One example is that a 18-year old boy was sentenced to the gallows for chopping a tree down that it represents liberty. Alot of people in France died in the gallows and the people were in dangered one by one. The people didn't want to die. The Reign of terror happened because Max became a dictator and used the gallows ALOT.

On July 28, 1784
Max lost his head because the convention would know that they would not be safe when he is around so they turned on him. Everyone would say "down with the tyrant". people would be chasing him until they catched him and put him on the gallows. After Max lost his head, The Reeign of Terror had finally ended.

The French Revolution

#1:
-Nobles almost had complete authority over peasants
-Nobles did not do military work
-Nobles collected tolls from people doing markets and on the roads
-Peasants were forced to do military work
-Peasants had to pay taxes to their king, the church and their lord
-Etc.

#2- The price of bread have doubled and the people were starving and France was borrowing heavilythat King Louis the 16th was asking the Americans to fight England in their revolution.

#3- I think the peasant was trying to kill them because one thing i saw in the pictureis that his arm is wrapped around the feudal lords neck, the feudal lord is trying to break free and the clergy is hiding behind them

#4- It appears that the two people are struggling to survive because they keep giving the feudal lords crops and animals as taxes. after a while, they will end up with nothing and they will probably die

#5- Te poor peolpe do resent on the rich poeple because they have to pay alot of things that has to be paid like every month or year and they don't have things that rich people have. The rich people have the easy life.

#6- I would say the people because people should be able to vote and decide if they want a government that isn't so cruel and fair. All of the poor people would want to participate in this because they would live healthy than die in the streets.

#7- I think the king and the rich people didn't want and fair democracy because they rather live the way they are right now and they would care less for the poor people.

John Locke and " The Enlightenment "

Thomas Jefferson is the one who wrote the Declaration of Independence. The rights that he was talking about is that all men are equal. The rights that men have is life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The Declaration of Independence also says that if any Form of government becaomes too destructive, the men can abolish it or alter it. They can also try to decide a new government that will actually care for their safety and their happiness, They can decide how much power they will put, etc.

The government gets their power by the people. The people decides if they want to approve the government or if they want to disprove a government they want to create. For example, if someone wants to become president, the person must have an approval from the people saying that they want that person to become president. The government cannot decide for itself if they want to do something. Today, the people still do the same thing to see if they want the government to keep going or not.

Copernicus and the trial of Galileo

There are two theories of the solar system, the geocentric and the heliocentric. The heliocentric is the theory that the sun is in the center of the solar system, while the geocentric is a theory that the earth is in the center of the solar system and that other objects go around it. Basically the geocentric theory came first that everything revolved around the earth, and then the heliocentric came in from the scientific method. Scientist try to prove that the geocentric was wrong.

Galileo was in trial because he tried to prove that the sun did not sit in the center of the universe. The Roman Catholic Church put galileo in trial because he wasn't suppost to defend or teach the Copernican doctrine. He has done alot of tings to be representing his theory. One example he did is that he was doing a 500 page dialogue to explain the theory. In the end, the holy office sentence him to life inprisonment under house arrest. They sentence him to place where he will live and also die there.

Scientific Revolution: The Scientific Method

The Scientific Method Is being used all the time for scientist to see if they can prove or disprove. It all satrted when a scientist named Aristotle started to prove things like how many teeth are in a man and a womens mouth without checking inside their mouth and if a heavy object falls faster than a samller object. Today, Scientist uses the scientific method to see if they can prove or disprove a theory or an idea.

Alot of scientist uses the scientifc method because they don't just want to accept and idea or a theory, they want to have their own conclusion to see if they agree or disagree. One example is when Issac Newton tried to explain the law of gravity that Aristotle talked about. In the end, Aristotle was wrong. This is why the Scientific Revolution was created, to see if scientist agree or diagree a certain thing that one scientist says. Right now, the scientific method is still being used all the time.

Another example is when he tried to prove that heavy objects will fall faster than smaller objects but when an itallian scientist named Galileo tested it, he proved Aristotle wrong. Before the scientific method was made, most scholars would get theirs ideas fom the greeks ad romans, or from the bible. Now that the method is made, scientist can prove things more easily and more better.

Evolution vs. Creation

Creationism
Creation is a religious belief that humanity, the world and all living things were created by God. These kind of things are all from the bible of the story of Genesis that starts when God created the Earth, man and women, etc. Most of these things is in Christianity and others. Everything has happen a long time ago and everything is in the bible to tell how it goes. Churches explain how each chapter of the bible, how mandkind has been created and so on.

Darwin's Theory of Evolution
Darwin's theory is said that little things can evolve into bigger things as the years go by. There are many things that have been said to explain the theory like monkeys evolving into men. Alot of things have happened in the past million years like for the dinosaur age. It is said that we are form from different things to humans.

I would believe with creationism because i think that we are born as humans alone and not from something else. If we were borm from little things that form into animals or anything else, we would be another creature living outdoors instead of acting normally like we always do. I dont believe that we are animals acting who are acting like they know how to do things that no other creature can do. I would say that animals and humans were made separatly from the world. I also don't believe that evolution created the world because it would have to grab alot of things outside of the world.

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